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Residential heating, fuelwood demand and tree species: Implications for native forests in the South of Chile
This study compares revealed versus stated household fuelwood preferences for particular tree species, explores the underlying factors, and discusses the implications for native forests. We used a cross-sectional survey of over 550 fuelwood consumers spanning rural areas to small, medium and large cities in the Los Lagos region of Chile conducted in 2020. We employed the Generalized Ordered Logit Model (GOLOGIT) and Multinomial Logit Model of household choice of major tree species for fuelwood. Our results show a significant misalignment between revealed and stated tree species preferences. Household tree species preferences for fuelwood is determined by fuel-value index (FVI), household expenditure, awareness of the relationship between fuelwood production and deforestation, and spatial heterogeneity. Household expenditure, as a proxy of family income, leads to selection of higher FVI tree species, though it is dependent on forest location and accessibility as well. As particular native species are those with high FVI, this implies a possible relationship between household income and native forest degradation that needs to be further explored. At the same time, awareness of deforestation is correlated with households buying the more abundant but less preferred species of fuelwood. These results point to potential impacts on native forests in Southern Chile, which will vary according to tree species´ ecological characteristics, their regeneration potential, and harvesting methods used. Current policies incentivizing better thermal insulation of homes would allow people to use more abundant non-preferred tree species for fuelwood. These findings point to a need for continued research on how improved energy and forestry regulations can support more sustainable fuelwood consumption decisions within local fuelwood markets and better assessments of forest impacts of such policies.
Guta, Dawit-Reyes Gallardo, René-Zerriffi, Hisham-Gergel, Sarah
Región de Los Lagos
2024
Propensity of sawmills to produce structural sawn wood in Chile
The goals of Chile’s forest policy regarding the use of wood in construction are far from being achieved. Chile is the ninth-largest global producer of sawn softwood and has an industry with numerous sawmills; however, structural sawn wood (SSW) represents less than 1 percent of the industry’s total production, which is insufficient to address large-scale construction programs with wood. Therefore, policy instruments are needed to lead to an increase in the volume of SSW production. This research aimed to design a typology of sawmills that facilitates the definition and implementation of these policy instruments to ensure attainment of the 2035 goal of the forest policy. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the impact of various variables on SSW production; variable selection was done using stepwise regression. The number of clusters was determined using the gap method, and sawmill clusters were determined using k means. The result is a typology with five categories of sawmills based on their propensity to produce SSW. The most significant variable was the quality of the supply, so it is suggested to prioritize the management of Pinus radiata plantations. With this result, a map for the application of policy instruments was created, proposing an intervention pathway. The proposed typology will stimulate decisions to provide direct support to the sawmill industry, thereby increasing SSW production.
Gysling Caselli, Janina-Mejías Caballero, Wilson-Herrera, Miguel Angel
2024
Mercado forestal Marzo 2024
Mercado forestal es una publicación trimestral que incluye en sus primeras páginas los elementos e indicadores que marcan la coyuntura económica nacional e internacional. Luego contiene un artículo sobre las exportaciones del período, documentos de análisis, noticias y un conjunto de series de precios de productos forestales tanto en el mercado externo como en el interno. Mercado forestal se publica en marzo, junio, septiembre y diciembre de cada año. La edición del mes de marzo contiene las cifras de exportaciones hasta el mes de febrero del año 2024.
Kahler González, Carlos-Gysling Caselli, Janina-Alvarez González, Verónica-Pardo V., Evaristo
2024
Exportaciones forestales. Enero-diciembre 2023
La presente edición entrega información actualizada de las exportaciones de productos forestales de Chile efectuadas durante el periodo analizado, realizando comparaciones con las cifras registradas en años anteriores. Incorpora, además, un análisis sobre el comportamiento de los principales productos exportados, sus volúmenes exportados, mercados de destino, precios y empresas exportadoras.
Poblete Hernández, Pamela-Alvarez González, Verónica
2024
Boletín de Precios Forestales, Marzo 2024
En esta edición, se destacan cifras relevantes sobre los precios nominales de los principales productos de pino radiata comercializados en el país, los cuales mostraron un comportamiento dispar comparado con diciembre de 2023. Se observaron alzas en las trozas aserrables y una disminución en la madera cepillada. El precio de las trozas aserrables de pino radiata, puestas en aserradero de la Región de Biobío aumentó un 3,7%. Este incremento fue impulsado principalmente por el tipo de cambio, ya que, en términos de dólar, unidad en que se valoriza el precio, se mantiene, con una leve tendencia a la baja. Por otro lado, el precio de la madera pulpable de pino radiata, puesta en planta de las regiones del Maule y Biobío, subió mínimamente en un 0,1%, en relación con lo reportado en diciembre de 2023. En cuanto al precio de la madera aserrada de pino radiata, puesto en barraca de la Región Metropolitana y aserradero de la Región del Biobío se mantuvo estable con respecto a diciembre 2023, sin embargo, en ambas regiones se presenta una variación a doce meses de -4,2% y -2,8%, respectivamente. Durante marzo de 2024, el precio de la madera cepillada de pino radiata, puesta en barraca de las Región Metropolitana, se mantuvo sin variación, con respecto a diciembre de 2023, en tanto en la Región del Biobío disminuyó un -0,5%.
Pardo V., Evaristo
2024
Recommendations for increasing yield of the edible Pinus pinea L. pine nuts
In Pinus pinea, cone to pine nut yield (total pine nut weight expressed as percentage of cone weight), an important crop trait, is decreasing worldwide. This phenomenon is of great concern, since the nuts of this species are highly demanded. Cone weight, seed and pine nut morphometry, and pine nut yield were monitored in a non-native area in Chile for 10 years. For this purpose, 560 cones, and the seeds and pine nuts contained in them, were counted, measured and weighed in a multi-environment study involving seven plantations. Seed and pine nut damage was evaluated. Two contrasting categories of cone weight (heavy/light) were defined. Cone to pine nut yield (PY) and other traits were calculated and compared between categories using a mixed linear model. Regression trees were used to explain PY variability. Cone weight was higher than in the species’ native range (474 g vs 300 g on average). Pine nut number per cone and PY were significantly higher in the heavy cone category than in the light cone category (125 vs 89 units, and 4.05 vs 3.62%, respectively), The percentage of damaged seeds was lower in heavy than in light cones (9.0% vs 15.9%). Thus, PY depended on seed and pine nut morphometry as well as on seed health. Management practices, such as fertilization and irrigation, could be used to boost production of heavy cones and consequently increase PY.
Loewe Muñoz, Verónica-Delard R., Claudia-Del Río, Rodrigo-Balzarini, Mónica
2024
Effects of Tuber borchii inoculation on Pinus pinea 3 years after establishment along a latitudinal gradient in the Southern Hemisphere
Stone pine (Pinus pinea) produces a highly demanded dried fruit, the pine nuts; Tuber borchii produces a well-known commercialized truffle. Thus, the co-culture of P. pinea and T. borchii may represents an interesting productive option. This work evaluated the effect of T. borchii inoculation on stone pine tree growth, survival, health, entry into cone production, and mycorrhization level during the first 3 years after establishment along a 2000 km gradient in Chile. We tested two treatments (inoculation and non-inoculation) in a multi-environment trial (MET) involving seven sites along Chile. Plantations were repeatedly measured during 3 years after establishment. In all environments, inoculation enhanced tree height, root collar diameter (RCD) and crown diameter (6.9, 10 and 8.3% higher for inoculated than for non-inoculated plants). Vigor was also favored (14.1% more vigorous trees). Stone pine performance was enhanced in all sites, but mainly in those with extreme environmental conditions. T. borchii mycorrhizae were abundant (over 60% of mycorrhized root apexes) 3 years after establishment. The truffle-host plant combination was not previously evaluated in Chile. The results showed high root colonization levels and the persistence of mycorrhization 3 years after establishment, and an enhanced effect of mycorrhization on tree growth and vigor under different soil and climate conditions, confirming the high plasticity of both species.
Loewe Muñoz, Verónica-Delard R., Claudia-Del Río, Rodrigo-Gregori, Gianluigi-Balzarini, Mónica
2024
Directorio de la Industria Forestal Chilena 2024
El Directorio de la Industria Forestal chilena se elabora a partir de información generada en los muestreos anuales que realiza el Instituto Forestal. La presente edición es el resultado del Muestreo 2024 que fue ejecutado durante el primer cuatrimestre de ese año y en cuyo proceso se logró identificar un total de 1.095 establecimientos en operación durante el año 2023, que comprenden: aserraderos (800), astillas (172), postes y polines (84), tableros y chapas (28), pulpa y papel (11). Estas unidades se encuentran localizadas desde la Región de Coquimbo hasta la Región de Magallanes.
Bañados M., Juan Carlos-Pardo V., Evaristo
2024
Boletín de Precios Forestales, Junio 2024
Al término del primer semestre del año, los precios nominales de los principales productos de pino radiata comercializados en el país, mostraron un comportamiento dispar comparado con marzo de 2024. El precio de las trozas aserrables de pino radiata, puestas en aserradero de la Región del Biobío bajo un 2,2%. Esta disminución fue impulsada principalmente por el tipo de cambio, ya que, en términos de dólar, unidad en que se valoriza el precio, se mantiene. En tanto, el precio de la madera pulpable de pino radiata, puesta en planta de las regiones de Maule y Biobío aumento un 0,2%. Por su parte, el precio de la madera aserrada de pino radiata, puesta en aserradero de la Región del Biobío y puesta en barraca de la Región Metropolitana no registro variación. El precio nominal de la madera cepillada de pino radiata, puesta en barraca de la Región del Biobío descendió un 0,3% y en barraca de la Región Metropolitana, experimentó un alza de 1,0%. En relación a las maderas distintas del pino radiata, una especie que ha destacado, por su demanda durante los últimos años es el pino oregón. El precio nominal de la madera cepillada, puesta en barraca de la Región de la Araucanía, subió un 2,6%, comparada con diciembre de 2023. La edición del mes de junio del Boletín de Precios Forestales, incluye también precios de plantas forestales. Al respecto, el precio promedio de las plantas de pino radiata en bandejas es de $124.000 por mil plantas, puestas en vivero de la Región del Biobío, aumentando un 10,7% con respecto a junio 2023.
Pardo V., Evaristo
2024
Effects of climate and soil properties on growth of Pinus pinea young plantations
Background and aims Growth of Pinus pinea forests and plantations in native countries is known to be affected by soil and climate characteristics. However, edaphoclimatic drivers of growth and fruiting have been scarcely studied outside the species’ native range; in addition, the role of soil nutrients, particularly in juvenile trees’ development, has been poorly explored. Methods Relationships between edaphoclimatic variables and the performance of 54 young plantations were studied in Chile. Vegetative growth and fruiting were measured in 100 randomly selected trees per plantation. Composite soil samples were taken from each site to analyze soil chemical characteristics and texture. A principal component analysis was performed including climatic, soil data, and growth and fruiting variables. Results Annual growth was 1.3 cm year−1 for stem diameter, 28.3 cm year−1 for crown diameter, and 38.9 cm year−1 for height; cone production per crown area was 0.07 cones m−2. Negative correlation of height growth, crown growth and cone production with EC, Na, and pH were found, along with positive correlations with OM, PP and the index PP × AT. Stem diameter growth was favored by less acidic soils with high sand content, and showed no correlation with cone production. Furthermore, vegetative growth was positively correlated with N, P, Mg and clay content. In young plantations, vegetative growth was higher than in the species’ native habitat. Conclusion Soil properties, in particular low EC and Na were identified as favorable for growth of young stone pine trees, along with high content of soil N, P and Mg, and PP.
Loewe Muñoz, Verónica-Bonomelli de Pinaga, Claudia María-Del Río, Rodrigo-Delard R., Claudia-Balzarini, Mónica
2024

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