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A new species of the genus Osornolobus Forster & Platnick from the maulino forests of Chile (Araneae, Orsolobidae)
A faunistic survey in the Maule region in central-southern Chile resulted in the discovery and description of a new species of the spider genus Osornolobus: O. violetaparra n. sp., based on males collected using pitfall traps in the province of Talca. This is the northernmost record of the genus in Chile, previously known from Ñuble to Magallanes.
Grismado, Cristian J.-Pizarro Araya, Jaime
Región del Maule
2023
Arthropods of forestry and medical-veterinary importance in the Limarí basin (Coquimbo region, Chile)
The Limarí River valley, located in the Coquimbo Region of Chile, is an important area for agricultural production that pertains to the transverse valleys ecoregion, known as Norte Chico. In recent decades, the continuous expansion of agriculture towards the dryland areas has favored the introduction and establishment of potential pests, such as arthropods, that may affect forestry crops and transmit zoonotic diseases. We analyzed the arthropod assemblages that were of forestry and medical-veterinary importance in the Limarí basin. After reviewing historical data, specimen collections, and the available literature, a total of 10 families, 39 genera, and 51 species of arthropods of forestry importance were recorded, 43.1% of which were of quarantine importance. Xylophagous groups of quarantine importance to the US included Cryptotermes brevis (Kalotermitidae), Neoterius mystax (Bostrichidae), Tyndaris planata (Buprestidae), Rhyephenes humeralis (Curculionidae) and Phoracantha recurva (Cerambycidae). Other quarantine insects of forestry importance recorded in the area included were Micrapate scabrata and Polycaon chilensis (Bostrichidae). In addition, the groups of medical-veterinary importance were represented by 11 families, 14 genera, and 18 species, 9 of which were arachnids and 9 were insects. Among the identified arachnids, the most important genera were Loxosceles (Sicariidae), Latrodectus, Steatoda (Theridiidae) and Rhipicephalus (Ixodidae), whereas among the identified insects, the most important were Triatoma and Mepraia (Reduviidae), Pediculus (Pediculidae), and Ceratophyllus (Ceratophyllidae). We hope this study serves as a basis for the development of forest pest monitoring and control programs as well as an understanding of the potential risks posed by zoonotic agents and their implications for public health.
Pizarro Araya, Jaime-Alfaro, Fermín M.-Muñoz Rivera, Rodrigo A.-Barriga Tuñón, Juan E.-Letelier, Luis
Región de Coquimbo
2019
Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls in the knowledge of arthropod species in Chile: Challenges and implications for regional conservation
Despite global efforts to identify and classify species to improve biodiversity baselines, there still remains large knowledge shortfalls that affect our understanding of the functioning of ecosystems and the design of effective conservation practices. Using the results of the first ongoing large-scale biodiversity inventory for Chile which has already recorded ca. 1,800 species and discovered 87 new species of arthropods, we explore and discuss taxonomy (Linnean) and distribution (Wallacean) shortfalls that preclude large-scale knowledge of arthropod biodiversity for one of the lesser studied groups in the world — the arthropods. Linnean shortfalls are mainly associated with the lack of funding of monitoring and inventory initiatives and the bias towards most charismatic or umbrella species, which in turn trigger effects on the experts’ availability, recruitment of taxonomists in research centers, journal impact factors, as well as the availability of scientific collections of type specimens. Instead, Wallacean shortfalls are related to accessibility to remote areas, and the spatial and temporal resolution of sampling efforts. Based on our results and literature review, we discuss the findings and also propose a novel conceptual framework aimed to reduce data gaps and support biodiversity conservation policies, particularly in developing countries. The framework has three main components: (1) the ecosystems, their species, and the threats; (2) the key elements for a biodiversity assessment strategy, and (3) an action plan for protecting biodiversity.
Vergara Asenjo, Gerardo-Alfaro, Fermín M.-Pizarro Araya, Jaime
2023
Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the deserts of Chile and Peru, with comments about some poorly studied diagnostic characters of the genus.
Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus of Chile and Peru are described. Brachistosternus gayi n. sp. is a high Andean species of north central Chile. Brachistosternus philippii n. sp. occurs near the coast of Antofagasta. Brachistosternus misti n. sp. occurs at intermediates altitudes of southern Peru. Brachistosternus contisuyu n. sp. occurs in Lomas formation in southern Peru. Brachistosternus anandrovestigia n. sp. occurs in coastal areas of southern Peru, and is the second known species of the genus without metasomal glands or androvestigia. Two diagnostic characters are discussed: the Internal Laminar Apophysis of the right hemispermatophore, and the sternum macrosetae.
Ojanguren Affilastro, Andrés A.-Pizarro Araya, Jaime-Ochoa, José A.
Región de Antofagasta
2018
Description of Bothriurus mistral n. sp., the highest-dwelling Bothriurus from the western Andes (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), using multiple morphometric approaches
We describe Bothriurus mistral n. sp. (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) from the Chilean north-central Andes of the Coquimbo Region. This is the highest elevational discovery for Bothriurus in the western slopes of the Andes. This species was collected in the Estero Derecho Private Protected Area and Natural Sanctuary as part of the First National Biodiversity Inventory of Chile of the Integrated System for Monitoring and Evaluation of Native Forest Ecosystems (SIMEF). Bothriurus mistral n. sp. is closely related to Bothriurus coriaceus Pocock, 1893, from the lowlands of central Chile. This integrative research includes a combination of traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometric analyses to support the taxonomic delimitation of the species.
Ojanguren Affilastro, Andrés A.-Benítez, Hugo, A.-Luri, Hernán A.-Mattoni, Camilo I.-Alfaro, Fermín M.-Pizarro Araya, Jaime
Región de Coquimbo
2023
A Fine-Scale Hotspot at the Edge: Epigean Arthropods from the Atacama Coast (Paposo-Taltal, Antofagasta Region, Chile)
The Atacama Desert at its margins harbors a unique biodiversity that is still very poorly known, especially in coastal fog oases spanning from Perú towards the Atacama coast. An outstanding species-rich fog oasis is the latitudinal fringe Paposo-Taltal, that is considered an iconic site of the Lomas formation. This contribution is the first to reveal the knowledge on arthropods of this emblematic coastal section. We used pitfall traps to study the taxonomic composition, richness, and abundance of terrestrial arthropods in 17 sample sites along a 100 km section of the coast between 24.5 and 25.5 southern latitude, in a variety of characteristic habitats. From a total of 9154 individuals, we were able to identify 173 arthropod species grouped into 118 genera and 57 families. The most diverse group were insects, with 146 species grouped in 97 genera and 43 families, while arachnids were represented by 27 species grouped into 21 genera and 14 families. Current conservation challenges on a global scale are driving the creation and evaluation of potential conservation sites in regions with few protected areas, such as the margins of the Atacama Desert. Better taxonomic, distributional, and population knowledge is urgently needed to perform concrete conservation actions in a biodiversity hotspot at a desert edge.
Pizarro Araya, Jaime-Alfaro, Fermín M.-Ojanguren Affilastro, Andrés A.-Moreira Muñoz, Andrés
Región de Antofagasta
2021
Revision of the genus Luispenaia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), with description of three new species from the Atacama Desert, Chile
The genus Luispenaia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tanyproctini), is revised and four species are recognized: L. paradoxa Martínez, L. atacamensis new species, L. paposo new species, and L. paulseni new species. This genus is endemic to the Atacama Desert in northern Chile from the regions of Antofagasta to Coquimbo. Diagnostic characters, illustrations, a distribution map, and an identification key are provided for all species. Observations on the habitat, ecology, and distribution of species are given.
Mondaca, José-Pizarro Araya, Jaime-Alfaro, Fermín M.
Región de Antofagasta
2019
Revision of the subgenus Mesopraocis Flores & Pizarro-Araya of the Neotropical genus Praocis Eschscholtz (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae)
The second part of a revision of the species of the genus Praocis Eschscholtz is presented. The subgenus Mesopraocis Flores & Pizarro-Araya, distributed in northern Chile from 25° South to 31° South, is revised. This article includes a redescription of the subgenus, redescriptions of its species, an identification key, and a discussion on morphological adaptations of the species to fossorial life. Habitus photographs, scanning electron micrographs of head, antennae, prosternum, abdomen, and protibiae, illustrations of genital features, and distribution maps are presented. Conical pegs sensilla on tibiae are described and illustrated using SEM for the first time for a South American tenebrionid species. A new Praocis species is described: Praocis (Mesopraocis) arenicola sp. nov. Praocis (Mesopraocis) flava Kulzer, 1958 is synonymised with P. (M.) pilula Laporte, 1840. Other species of the subgenus are: P. (M.) calderana Kulzer and P. (M.) nitens Kulzer. A statement on the variation in the number of antennomeres in P. (M.) pilula is appended.
Flores, Gustavo E.-Pizarro Araya, Jaime
Región de Antofagasta
2022

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