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Subject: TRANSICION ENERGETICA ×

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  • Libro
    Bosques energía sociedad nº13. Una aproximación integral al mercado de la leña en Chile y sus barreras para la transición energética
    La contaminación atmosférica y la degradación de los bosques, entre otros problemas, se relacionan directamente con el consumo residencial de leña para calefacción y otros usos energéticos, que entre las regiones de O’Higgins y Aysén supera el 70% de uso en los hogares. Diversas medidas de política pública se han tomado para enfrentar esta situación, entre las que destaca la implementación de Planes de Descontaminación Atmosférica (PDA) en los principales centros urbanos de la zona. Este artículo tiene por objetivo examinar las principales barreras económicas, socioculturales y jurídicas asociadas al proceso de transición energética del mercado de la leña, y que se traducen en una baja efectividad de las medidas de los PDA. A partir de este análisis, se concluye que el marco normativo vigente en el país no es capaz de responder a los problemas de este mercado principalmente debido a su carácter híper fragmentado, la falta de reconocimiento de la leña como combustible a nivel nacional y la primacía de una gobernanza difusa del mercado de la leña.
    Álamos, Nicolás-Labraña, Julio-Cortés, Julián-Amigo, Catalina-Oyarzún, Tamara-Urquiza, Anahí-Reyes Gallardo, René
    2021
  • Artículo de revista
    Residential heating, fuelwood demand and tree species: Implications for native forests in the South of Chile
    This study compares revealed versus stated household fuelwood preferences for particular tree species, explores the underlying factors, and discusses the implications for native forests. We used a cross-sectional survey of over 550 fuelwood consumers spanning rural areas to small, medium and large cities in the Los Lagos region of Chile conducted in 2020. We employed the Generalized Ordered Logit Model (GOLOGIT) and Multinomial Logit Model of household choice of major tree species for fuelwood. Our results show a significant misalignment between revealed and stated tree species preferences. Household tree species preferences for fuelwood is determined by fuel-value index (FVI), household expenditure, awareness of the relationship between fuelwood production and deforestation, and spatial heterogeneity. Household expenditure, as a proxy of family income, leads to selection of higher FVI tree species, though it is dependent on forest location and accessibility as well. As particular native species are those with high FVI, this implies a possible relationship between household income and native forest degradation that needs to be further explored. At the same time, awareness of deforestation is correlated with households buying the more abundant but less preferred species of fuelwood. These results point to potential impacts on native forests in Southern Chile, which will vary according to tree species´ ecological characteristics, their regeneration potential, and harvesting methods used. Current policies incentivizing better thermal insulation of homes would allow people to use more abundant non-preferred tree species for fuelwood. These findings point to a need for continued research on how improved energy and forestry regulations can support more sustainable fuelwood consumption decisions within local fuelwood markets and better assessments of forest impacts of such policies.
    Guta, Dawit-Reyes Gallardo, René-Zerriffi, Hisham-Gergel, Sarah
    Región de Los Lagos
    2024